Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes Using GIS-Based IWQI, EWQI and HHR Model

Groundwater pollution has emerged as a significant water crisis in various regions around the globe. serves crucial source of for human consumption and agricultural activities Sichuan Basin where groundwater quality yet to be concentrated. A total 41 samples were collected from domestic wells Suining city Basin, which used analyzing hydrogeochemical processes suitability irrigation drinking purposes. In study area, belonged HCO3-Ca type. Hydrochemical compositions dominated by carbonate silicate mineral dissolution with positive cation exchange. Agricultural urban sewage primary sources NO3− pollution. The index (IWQI) was calculated using electronic conductivity (EC), Na+, Cl−, HCO3−, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). IWQI values showed that generally good presented decreasing trend southeastwardly. According entropy-weighted (EWQI), purposes good. However, there some local areas poor concentrated southeast part. health risk (HHR) model, deemed safe adults children. infants, nitrate level remained high posed potential risks. combined EWQI evaluation served valuable reference utilization resource well other comparable worldwide.